Space & Astronomy/Space and Astronomy (October 1993).iso/mac/TEXT/SPACEDIG/V15_3/V15NO351.TXT

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Date: Wed, 28 Oct 92 05:02:15
From: Space Digest maintainer <[e-mail]>
Reply-To: [e-mail]
Subject: Space Digest V15 #351
To: Space Digest Readers
Precedence: bulk


Space Digest                Wed, 28 Oct 92       Volume 15 : Issue 351

Today's Topics:
            A career in the Space Program - or Forget It!?
                       Comet Collision (2 msgs)
                        Image format question
                         nasa shake up rumor?
                 NASA Town Meetings -- Program Agenda
            Smith-Tuttle Comet a threat to earth? (6 msgs)
         Spaceborne Imaging Reveals Unknown Earthquake Faults
                      Space Calendar - 10/27/92
                  Swedish Freja Spacecraft (2 msgs)

    Welcome to the Space Digest!!  Please send your messages to
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    (THENET), or [e-mail] (Internet).
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Tue, 27 Oct 92 19:06:41 GMT
From: Andy Cohen <[e-mail]>
Subject: A career in the Space Program - or Forget It!?
Newsgroups: sci.space

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail]
(Jack Romachek) wrote:

>
> Should I try some new approach to job hunting in aerospace, or should
> I totally concentrate on my other interest which is molecular biology?


It all depends on you.  If working in Aerospace is of such high intrinsic
value to you, then you should push for it and nothing else, but ya got to
be willing to go anywhere for it.... JPL may not be the best place to start
off from....in fact anywhere in So Ca will be a waste....  Aerospace jobs
are to be had, but in Georgia and Arizona..... Remember, it has to be of
great importance to you....otherwise the grass will always seem greener
when you look at other industries or professions....



Andy Cohen           |                   |  |        Support Freedom!
MDSSC                |  /       OO    /  |  |
                     -----------------------
                     |                   |  |
                     |                   |  |

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 28 Oct 1992 01:04:49 GMT
From: Dave Tholen <[e-mail]>
Subject: Comet Collision
Newsgroups: sci.space

Faust writes:

>    I was amazed and want to find out more.  I'm suprised that sci.space
>    seems to have almost no discussion of this discovery.  Does this mean
>    that the whole story is a hoax --or have you pro's out there been
>    caught with your pants down?

It's not a hoax, and there has been discussion on sci.space.  Maybe the
propagation to your site is slow.  Or maybe it appeared first on sci.astro
and took a while to propagate to the other newsgroups.  And I'm not aware
of any pro who was caught with their pants down.

>    Does anyone out there in Net Land (preferably those close to the
>    heart of NASA) have any information?  If so, please post it.

Although many university astronomers have research grants from NASA, please
understand that NASA is not responsible for all of U.S. astronomy!  In fact,
no NASA-salaried scientists were involved in any of this.  I've already
posted information, and I don't consider myself all that close to the heart
of NASA.  I'm a state-salaried university employee with some NASA research
money.  Why the instinctive reliance on NASA for information?

------------------------------

Date: 27 Oct 1992 22:04:59 GMT
From: Carl J Lydick <[e-mail]>
Subject: Comet Collision
Newsgroups: sci.space,alt.sci.planetary

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Faust) writes:
>  Would the Christian Fundies start claiming it as God's Judgement
>  on the human race?  First AIDS...now the Comet!

Please see _Lucifer's_Hammer_ by, I think, Niven and Pournelle.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carl J Lydick | INTERnet: [e-mail] | NSI/HEPnet: SOL1::CARL

Disclaimer:  Hey, I understand VAXen and VMS.  That's what I get paid for.  My
understanding of astronomy is purely at the amateur level (or below).  So
unless what I'm saying is directly related to VAX/VMS, don't hold me or my
organization responsible for it.  If it IS related to VAX/VMS, you can try to
hold me responsible for it, but my organization had nothing to do with it.

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 27 Oct 1992 21:46:00 +0000
From: P & S Ltd - Accounts Dept <[e-mail]>
Subject: Image format question
Newsgroups: sci.space

The other day I downloaded one of the images from the online photo library
at sseop.jsc.  The image has a 512-byte header followed by 3 blocks of
512 x 512 pixels - one each for red, green and blue.  Having got the thing,
I don't know what format it's in,  what can read/display/convert it!

Can anyone out there help? (I have access to Unix and/or DOS if it helps).

Thanks,

Paul

--------------------------< Who 'zat >-----------------------------------
    Paul Wilson,  P-and-S Ltd, P O Box 54, Macclesfield, SK10 5EH, UK
                     [e-mail]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 27 Oct 92 17:17:28 -0600
From: [e-mail] (Phil G. Fraering)
Subject: nasa shake up rumor?

>>In article [e-mail], [e-mail] (Allen W. Sherzer) writes:
>>It won't be ten years since Clinton will be a one term president. At the
>>end of which (if we are successful lobbying Congress) we will have an
>>operational SSTO at which point we may not need the government any more.

>Quayle/Buchannan in '96 to ensure no more government!
---
>Gerald Cecil [e-mail]  919-962-7169
>Physics & Astronomy, U of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255 USA

Actually the thing that scares me most about a Clinton/Gore
presidency will be the backlash: people are prob. going to want
_anyone_ instead of these guys, and the Republicans just might
think it's their chance to try the Robertson/Buchanan ticket...

--
Phil Fraering [e-mail] where the x is a number from 1-5.
Phone: [phone] SnailMail: 2408 Blue Haven Dr., New Iberia, La. 70560
---------------------
Disclaimer: Some reasonably forseeable events may exceed this
message's capability to protect from severe injury, death, widespread
disaster, astronomically significant volumes of space approaching a
state of markedly increaced entropy, or taxes.

    The world will end tomorrow.
    NASA scientists note that this was the way the system was
    designed to operate.

    - From the Nov. Focus in Sky and Telescope, on a hypothetical
      NASA press release on something hitting the Earth...

------------------------------

Date: 27 Oct 92 19:52:39 GMT
From: Gerald Cecil <[e-mail]>
Subject: NASA Town Meetings -- Program Agenda
Newsgroups: sci.space

This just in from NASA:

Each town meeting will feature short presentations by top NASA officials,
local university researchers, business people, educators and space
enthusiasts.  Audience members then will have an opportunity to briefly present
their views and to question the presenters.  Written submissions also will be
accepted.  Pre-registration is encouraged, at least 1 wk beforehand, but on-sit registration is available. More info (and reg. form) from (202)-453-3006.

Nov 9   NC State U, Raleigh NC   (I'll go to this 1st meeting & summarize)
Nov 17  Lincoln Theater, U of Hartford, West Hartford CT
Nov 20  University Place Conference Center, Indiana U - Purdue U at
           Indianapolis IN
Dec 3   Ramo Auditorium, CalTech, Pasadena CA
Dec 11  Theatre 1, U. of South Florida, Tampa FL
Dec 15  Student Union Building, U. of Washington, Seatle WA

All meetings run from 2 - 6:30 pm.  Agenda:

2:00 - 2:40  Opening Remarks by Host University
             Remarks by NASA Administrator
                NASA Vision, Strategic Plan
             Viewing of NASA Video

2:40 - 3:15  Administrator Answers Questions from Audience
3:15 - 3:30  Break
3:30 - 4:30  Presentation & Discussion of NASA Review Team Activities
                Aeronautics, Mission to Planet Earth, Exploration,
                Space Station
             Open Microphone and Discussion (5 min limit for remarks)
4:30 - 4:45  Presentation & Discussion by Local Panel Members on Role
              of Civil Space Program
                Academia, Industry, Community Leaders
5:45 - 6:30  Open Microphone & Discussion (5 min remark limit)

I attended the Paine Commission meetings in 1986, in Honolulu.  They were
quite interesting, although the ``questioners'' tended to use their 5 mins to
load prepared testimony into the record, with no panel interaction.  (I recall
Katherine Sullivan and Harrison Schmidt looking particularly bored by it all.
Remembering past glories perhaps ... )
---
Gerald Cecil [e-mail]  919-962-7169
Physics & Astronomy, U of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255 USA

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 27 Oct 1992 16:35:00 GMT
From: IGOR <[e-mail]>
Subject: Smith-Tuttle Comet a threat to earth?
Newsgroups: sci.space

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (J. D. McDonald) writes...
>In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Steinn Sigurdsson) writes:
>
>
>>Speed relative to Earth is 50 km/s
>Lord Almighty! 1/6 the speed of light!!!!!! ???????


In your dreams, the last I heard about the speed of light is roughly
299,792 km/s. As somebody would say (?) what is a factor of 1000
between friends.
One can extrapolate on this one since the shuttle is rougly doing
28,000 km/hr, is NASA taking into account the time distortion  between

the crew and JSC?
>
>Doug McDonald





Igor
Texas A&M University

------------------------------

Date: 27 Oct 92 18:35:31 GMT
From: Steinn Sigurdsson <[e-mail]>
Subject: Smith-Tuttle Comet a threat to earth?
Newsgroups: sci.space

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Brian Yamauchi) writes:

   In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Steinn Sigurdsson) writes:
   >In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] writes:

   >The current best solution has it missing the Earth in July 2126,
   >but a 15 day delay places it on collision on August 14th.
   >As a matter of interest, the best orbit fit for its return once
   >it was realised which returning comet it was off by 17 days.

   >Swift-Tuttle is
   >virtually certain to hit the Earth at some point during the next
   >few million years

   >As is we can't even rendezvous with
   >the thing, would be nice to put a transceiver on it for future
   >reference ;-)

   Maybe this would be a good justification for reviving CRAF -- complete
   with penetrator. :-)

Hmm, last I checked I don't think CRAF was up to a delta v of 50 km/s
or is this a incipient resurgence of the never-ending ion drive thread ;-)

   Of course, it's too late for Swift-Tuttle, but surely we can find
   another Earth-crossing comet which is posing an imminent threat to
   all life on the planet...

Probably can, but most will be dominated by Jupiter perturbations,
Swift-Tuttle doesn't look like it's going anywhere (caveat: this is
guesstimate from eyeballing the orbit parameters, somebody will
actually have to find out for real bu integrating the sucker),
ie it will keep coming by until it hits as far as I can tell, but
that's most probably a few million years off...

*  Steinn Sigurdsson               Lick Observatory          *
*  [e-mail]        "standard disclaimer"      *
*  The laws of gravity are very,very strict            *
*  And you're just bending them for your own benefit - B.B. 1988*

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 27 Oct 92 16:58:35 GMT
From: Dave Jones <[e-mail]>
Subject: Smith-Tuttle Comet a threat to earth?
Newsgroups: sci.space

J. D. McDonald ([e-mail]) wrote:
> In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Steinn Sigurdsson) writes:
>
>
> >Speed relative to Earth is 50 km/s
> Lord Almighty! 1/6 the speed of light!!!!!! ???????
>
> Doug McDonald
I think you'll find that the speed of light is 300,000 km/s, not 300.
--
||)) There is no truth to the rumor that:)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))|
||)) Lotus are suing Apple for copying the look and feel of their lawsuits )|
||))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))|
||Dave Jones ([e-mail]) | Eastman Kodak Co. Rochester, NY   |

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 27 Oct 92 18:37:05 GMT
From: "Bradford B. Behr" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Smith-Tuttle Comet a threat to earth?
Newsgroups: sci.space

>>>Speed relative to Earth is 50 km/s
>>Lord Almighty! 1/6 the speed of light!!!!!! ???????
>
>In your dreams, the last I heard about the speed of light is roughly
>299,792 km/s. As somebody would say (?) what is a factor of 1000
>between friends.

Arthur C. Clarke, I think... (I saw it in somebody's .sig on this
group.)

>One can extrapolate on this one since the shuttle is rougly doing
>28,000 km/hr, is NASA taking into account the time distortion  between
>the crew and JSC?

Shuttle velocity = 28000 km/hr = 7.78e3 m/s
Lightspeed = 3.00e8 m/s

v/c = 2.60e-5

Time dilation formula:
T = T0 / sqrt(1 - (v/c)^2)

(v/c)^2 = 6.73e-10

(1 - x)^(1/2) = 1 - (1/2)x for x << 1

so dilation factor = 1 - 3.37e-10

Mission duration = 10 days = 8.64e5 sec

so Shuttle clocks will lag JSC clocks by 2.91e-4 sec at mission end.

A third of a millisecond? Significant? Some timing links might
conceivably get thrown off by a deviation of this magnitude. But
presumably they resync throughout the mission...


--
-----------------------------------
  Bradford B. Behr
  [e-mail]
-----------------------------------

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 27 Oct 1992 21:19:59 GMT
From: Nick Haines <[e-mail]>
Subject: Smith-Tuttle Comet a threat to earth?
Newsgroups: sci.space

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Steinn Sigurdsson) writes:

   [about Swift-Tuttle vs. other comets, stuff deleted]

   Probably can, but most will be dominated by Jupiter perturbations,
   Swift-Tuttle doesn't look like it's going anywhere (caveat: this is
   guesstimate from eyeballing the orbit parameters, somebody will
   actually have to find out for real bu integrating the sucker),
   ie it will keep coming by until it hits as far as I can tell, but
   that's most probably a few million years off...

I keep reading this, and have a couple of questions to ask:

1. S-T crosses Earth orbit twice every 120 years. The risk of
encounter is something very small, like 1e-6. So the expected time
until impact is 6e7 years. So any concern about S-T should also apply
to the bodies in the ecliptic, which I assert have an (order of
magnitude) similar expected time before impact (because there are far
more of them).  Now obviously this calculation depends on my `1e6'
assertion, but I can defend that (brief handwave: in order to hit, S-T
has to be at the right angle and distance from the sun when it crosses
the ecliptic. One can visualize the possible positions of S-T (as
perturbed by outgassing) at that point as a long oval. The length can
be judged from the fact that S-T was 17 days late this time, so S-T
can be perturbed between orbits by times of 17 days. 17 days = 27
million km at Earth orbital speed, 73 million km at S-T orbital
speed).

2. On any encounter, it's much more likely that S-T will pass very
close to Earth (say, within 10 radii) than actually hit (could be a
cool display :->). Wouldn't such an encounter radically change S-T's
orbit?  Could it throw it into the ecliptic? OK, whatever orbit
results will be an earth-encounter one, but what are the chances that
it will also be, say, a Jupiter-encounter one (i.e. an ecliptic one),
throwing it into the planetary bar-billiards game (and therefore
equally to be accounted with the other ecliptic bodies)? A simplistic
momentum-conservation argument occurs to me, saying "no chance, S-T's
ecliptic-perpendicular momentum will be conserved," but I intuit that
that is flawed (but can't see why).  Anyone want to help me out with
more handwaving? Anyone got any PD software (for Unix) that lets me
play planetary bar-billiards?

Nick Haines [e-mail]

------------------------------

Date: 27 Oct 92 23:15:16 GMT
From: Steinn Sigurdsson <[e-mail]>
Subject: Smith-Tuttle Comet a threat to earth?
Newsgroups: sci.space

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Nick Haines) writes:


   In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Steinn Sigurdsson) writes:

      [about Swift-Tuttle vs. other comets, stuff deleted]

      Probably can, but most will be dominated by Jupiter perturbations,
      Swift-Tuttle doesn't look like it's going anywhere (caveat: this is
      guesstimate from eyeballing the orbit parameters, somebody will
      actually have to find out for real bu integrating the sucker),
      ie it will keep coming by until it hits as far as I can tell, but
      that's most probably a few million years off...

   I keep reading this, and have a couple of questions to ask:

   1. S-T crosses Earth orbit twice every 120 years. The risk of
   encounter is something very small, like 1e-6. So the expected time

It's more like 1e-5 per orbit, basically its node is near Earth's
orbit and the question is where along the orbit the Earth is.

   until impact is 6e7 years. So any concern about S-T should also apply
   to the bodies in the ecliptic, which I assert have an (order of
   magnitude) similar expected time before impact (because there are far
   more of them).  Now obviously this calculation depends on my `1e6'
   assertion, but I can defend that (brief handwave: in order to hit, S-T
   has to be at the right angle and distance from the sun when it crosses
   the ecliptic. One can visualize the possible positions of S-T (as
   perturbed by outgassing) at that point as a long oval. The length can
   be judged from the fact that S-T was 17 days late this time, so S-T
   can be perturbed between orbits by times of 17 days. 17 days = 27
   million km at Earth orbital speed, 73 million km at S-T orbital
   speed).

No, the delay is along the orbit, perturbations orthogonal to
the orbit are small, basically there is an uncertainty in the
aphelion and small outgassing at perihelion is effective in
shifting the period due to changes in the aphelion - note the limit
as eccentricity approaches 1 infinitesimal changes in perihelion
velocity can produce arbitary changes in period but not in
the nodes.

   2. On any encounter, it's much more likely that S-T will pass very
   close to Earth (say, within 10 radii) than actually hit (could be a
   cool display :->). Wouldn't such an encounter radically change S-T's
   orbit?  Could it throw it into the ecliptic? OK, whatever orbit
   results will be an earth-encounter one, but what are the chances that
   it will also be, say, a Jupiter-encounter one (i.e. an ecliptic one),

This is the interesting bit, P/Swift-Tuttle has inclination of about
117\deg - ie it is mildly retrograde and near orthogonal! It does not
come near the other planets and I don't think the very weak
perturbations it sees can build up enough to get it away from
Earth crossing. The Earth can't give it a delta v of more than
about 3 km/sec, enough to drop it from Oort cloud orbit to
50AU aphelion, nowhere near enough to perturb it significantly
towards the ecliptic, the Earth can perturb it back up into
higher aphelion orbit, but those are still Earth crossing.

The short period comets in the ecliptic (suspected Kuiper belt
comets) are dominated by giant planet encounters which are likely to
eject them (or collide with them) so although there are many of them
the Jovian planets effectively form a barrier that reduces Earth
collision probability drastically - part of the reason Nemesis was
proposed to increase the comet rate enough to get decent collision
probabilities.

   throwing it into the planetary bar-billiards game (and therefore
   equally to be accounted with the other ecliptic bodies)? A simplistic
   momentum-conservation argument occurs to me, saying "no chance, S-T's
   ecliptic-perpendicular momentum will be conserved," but I intuit that
   that is flawed (but can't see why).  Anyone want to help me out with
   more handwaving? Anyone got any PD software (for Unix) that lets me
   play planetary bar-billiards?

PD software is not adequate to track P/S-T for more than a couple of
orbits.

*  Steinn Sigurdsson               Lick Observatory          *
*  [e-mail]        "standard disclaimer"      *
*  The laws of gravity are very,very strict            *
*  And you're just bending them for your own benefit - B.B. 1988*

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 28 Oct 1992 03:47:27 GMT
From: Ron Baalke <[e-mail]>
Subject: Spaceborne Imaging Reveals Unknown Earthquake Faults
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.geo.geology,ca.earthquakes

Brian Dunbar
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                           October 27, 1992
(Phone:  [phone])

Mary A. Hardin
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
(Phone:  [phone])

RELEASE:  92-186

NASA SPACEBORNE IMAGING REVEALS UNKNOWN EARTHQUAKE FAULTS

     Geologists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, Calif.,
and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, have discovered several previously
unknown earthquake faults in California's northeastern Mojave Desert by
analyzing remote sensing images at optical, infrared and radar wavelengths.

     In a paper presented today at the annual meeting of the Geological Society
of America in Cincinnati, JPL's Dr. John Ford outlined how spaceborne imaging
technology has helped scientists find these newly observed faults, many of
which are located within Fort Irwin, Calif., an active military training area.

     Analysis of the remote sensing images, combined with field observations
and earthquake information, indicate that the area is crossed by many young
faults.  These faults are part of the same system that produced the magnitude
7.5 earthquake that occurred June 28, 1992, at Landers, Calif.

     The faults are visible on computer processed images taken by the Thematic
Mapper instrument on Landsat 5 which obtains images simultaneously in seven
bands at optical and infrared wavelengths.  Corresponding images of the area
from the French SPOT satellite and the NASA airborne synthetic aperture radar
images confirmed the existence of the faults.  Scientists say this study will
lead to better understanding of how the entire system of faults works in
southern California.

     In addition to Ford, the research is being conducted by geologists
Dr. Robert E. Crippen of JPL and Professor Roy K. Dokka of the Department of
Geology and Geophysics at Louisiana State University.

     The project is funded by NASA's Solid Earth Branch of the Office of Space
Science and Applications, Washington, D.C.  Support and safety control of the
field investigations were provided by the U.S. Army at the National Training
Center, Fort Irwin.

- end -
     ___    _____     ___
    /_ /|  /____/ \  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | [e-mail]
    | | | |  __ \ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |
 ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | If God had wanted us to
/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | have elections, he would
|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | have given us candidates.

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 28 Oct 1992 08:11:52 GMT
From: Ron Baalke <[e-mail]>
Subject: Space Calendar - 10/27/92
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro,sci.space.shuttle,alt.sci.planetary

     Here's the latest Space Calendar.  If you see any updates to the
calendar, then please let me know.  Note that launch dates are subject to
change.

     The following people made contributions to this month's calendar:

        o Frank Knight - APEX Launch Update
        o Andre Knoefel - Orionid Meteor Shower

                             =========================
                                  SPACE CALENDAR
                                 October 27, 1992
                             =========================

* indicates change from last month's calendar

   October 1992
    *27 - Galaxy 7 Ariane Launch
    *30 - MSTI Scout Launch

   November 1992
     ?? - Superbird A Ariane Launch
    *?? - Galileo, Gaspra Data Playback
     03 - Southern Taurid Meteor Shower (Solar Longitude 220.7 degrees)
     07 - 25th Anniversary, Surveyor 6 Launch (Moon Soft Lander)
    *09 - NASA Town Meeting - Raleigh, NC - North Carolina State Univerisity
     13 - Northern Taurid Meteor Shower (Solar Longitude 230.7 degrees)
     13 - Galileo, Trajectory Correction Maneuver 16 (TCM-16)
     17 - Leonid Meteor Shower (Solar Longitude 235.7 degrees)
    *17 - NASA Town Meeting - Hartford, CT - Lincoln Theater
    *20 - Russian Soyuz Goodwill Launch
    *20 - NASA Town Meeting - Indianapolis, IN - University of Hartford
    *25 - STS-53, Discovery, Department of Defense (DOD)

   December 1992
     ?? - Galaxy 4 Ariane Launch
    *?? - Galileo, Dual Drive Actuator Hammer Test (DDA-5)
    *?? - Optus B-2 Long March 3 Launch
    *03 - NASA Town Meeting - Pasadena, CA - California Institute of Technology
     08 - Galileo, Earth Flyby
     08 - Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, Near Earth Flyby (.025 AU)
     10 - Lunar Eclipse
    *11 - NASA Town Meeting - Tampa, FL - University of South Florida
     14 - Geminid Meteor Shower (Solar Longitude 262.0 degrees)
     14 - 30th Anniversary, Mariner 2 Venus Flyby (1st Flyby of Another Planet)
    *15 - NASA Town Meeting - Seattle, WA - University of Washington
     19 - 20 years since man has been to the Moon (Apollo 17)
     22 - Ursid Meteor Shower (Maximum: 10:00 UT, Solar Longitude 258.7 deg.)
     25 - Isaac Newton's 350th birthday (or January 4)

   January 1993
     ?? - Eutelsat II F-5 Ariane Launch
    *?? - NASA Town Meeting - Denver, Colorado
     03-4 Quadrantid Meteor Shower (Maximum: 10:00 UT, Solar Lon 283.13 deg.)
    *04 - Mars Observer, High Gain Antenna Deployment
     07 - 25th Anniversary, Surveyor 7 Launch (Moon Soft Lander)
    *08 - Mars Observer, 2nd Trajectory Correction Maneuver (TCM-2)
    *13 - STS-54, Endeavour, TDRS-F

   February 1993
     01 - 35th Anniversary, Explorer 1 Launch (1st U.S. Satellite)
     06 - Astro-D Launch (US/Japan)
    *08 - Mars Observer, 3rd Trajectory Correction Maneuver (TCM-3)
     18 - Jules Verne's 165th Birthday
     18 - STS-55, Columbia, Spacelab Germany (SL-D2)
     19 - Copernicus' 520th Birthday

   March 1993
     ?? - Radcal Scout Launch
    *?? - Hispasat 1B & Insat 2B Ariane Launch
    *?? - Galileo, 10 RPM Spinup Test
    *?? - DFH-3 Long March 2E Launch (China)
    *?? - Commercial Experiment Trasporter (Comet) Launch
     01 - Ulysses, 3rd Opposition
    *11 - STS-56, Discovery, Atmospheric Lab for Applications and Science
          (ATLAS-2)

   April 1993
    *?? - Astra 1C Ariane Launch
     06 - 20th Anniversary, Pioneer 11 Launch (Jupiter & Saturn Flyby Mission)
     22 - Lyrid Meteor Shower (Maximum: 02:00 UT, Solar Longitude 32.1 degrees)
     23 - Pi-Puppid Meteor Shower (Solar Longitude 33.3 degrees)
    *28 - STS-57, Endeavour, European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA-1R)

   May 1993
    *?? - Advanced Photovoltaic Electronics Experiment (APEX) Pegasus Launch
     04 - Galileo Enters Asteroid Belt Again
     15 - Magellan, End of Mission?

   June 1993
     04 - Lunar Eclipse
     14 - Sakigake, 2nd Earth Flyby (Japan)
     22 - 15th Anniversary of Charon Discovery (Pluto's Moon) by Christy
    *30 - STS-51, Discovery, Advanced Communications Technology Satellite(ACTS)

   July 1993
     29 - NASA's 35th Birthday

   August 1993
     ?? - Seastar Pegasus Launch
     ?? - ISTP Wind Delta-2 Launch
     ?? - ETS-VI Launch
     ?? - GEOS-J Launch
     ?? - Landsat 6 Launch
     08 - 15th Anniversary, Pioneer Venus Orbitor 2 Launch
     12 - Perseid Meteor Shower (Max: 04:00 UT, S.L. 139.6 deg and 15:00 UT,
                                 S.L. 140.1 deg.)
    *09 - Mars Observer, 4th Trajectory Correction Manuever (TCM-4)
     24 - Mars Observer, Mars Orbit Insertion (MOI)
     25 - STS-58, Columbia, Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-2)
     28 - Galileo, Asteroid Ida Flyby

   September 1993
    *?? - SPOT-3 Ariane Launch

    October 1993
    *?? - Intelsat 7 F1 Ariane Launch
    *21 - Orionid Meteor Shower (Solar Longitude 208.4 degrees)

                                    #####
     ___    _____     ___
    /_ /|  /____/ \  /_ /|     Ron Baalke         | [e-mail]
    | | | |  __ \ /| | | |     Jet Propulsion Lab |
 ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   M/S 525-3684 Telos | If God had wanted us to
/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | have elections, he would
|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                     | have given us candidates.

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 27 Oct 1992 19:32:56 GMT
From: Martin Connors <[e-mail]>
Subject: Swedish Freja Spacecraft
Newsgroups: sci.space

The Freja auroral satellite was launched October 6 from the Gobi desert
aboard a Chinese Long March rocket. Freja is 'Viking II' where Viking
(pronounced Veeking as in Swedish to distinguish it from the U.S. Mars
probe of the same name) was a highly successful auroral studies satellite
launched in 1986. Freja is the name of a Swedish deity.

Of interest to Canadian researchers are a plasma analyser and auroral
imaging camera operating at about 130 nm in the ultaviolet. The camera
will allow images to be taken every 6 seconds at down to 2 km resolution.
This will enable auroral forms to be studied in detail both spatially and
in time development.

Coordinated studies undertaken in Canada will include correlation of
magnetic observations and optical and RADAR velocity images with results
from spacecraft passes over Canada. Data will be received at the Prince
Albert, Saskatchewan ground station as well as at the European Space
Agency's ESRANGE in Kiruna, Sweden, which is the spacecraft command
centre.

Leroy Cogger of the University of Calgary is the imager principal
investigator. Brian Whalen of the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics in
Ottawa is the PI of the plasma analyzer.

Initial images from the auroral camera were presented at the second Annual
Meeting of the Canadian Network for Space Research, held October 23-26 in
Lake Louise, Alberta.

NOTE: this is net participant information only. It is not an official
comment from any agency referred to.

--
Martin Connors         |
Space Research         | [e-mail]  [phone]
University of Alberta  |

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 27 Oct 92 23:41:12 GMT
From: Mike Henderson <[e-mail]>
Subject: Swedish Freja Spacecraft
Newsgroups: sci.space

To those interested in Freja UV imager data (for serious scientific
research only);

This is just a quick correction regarding the UV imager experiment.
Sandy Murphree at the University of Calgary is the principal
investigator (PI) for this experiment (not Leroy Cogger as stated
in Martin Connors posting). Please direct any serious inquiries to
Sandy Murphree at,

        Internet: [e-mail]
        SPAN: murphree::cancal


-----
Mike Henderson
Space Science Group
University of Calgary
[e-mail]

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End of Space Digest Volume 15 : Issue 351
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